Name: nucleofection and in vivo propagation of chicken eimeria parasites
Uploaded: 2020-02-14T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Nucleofection and In Vivo Propagation of Chicken Eimeria Parasites at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0501200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31572507, 31772728 and 31873007).

Chickens for all animal experiments were housed and maintained according to the China Agricultural University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines and followed the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals. The experiments were approved by the Beijing Administration Committee of Laboratory Animals.
1. Extraction and purification of sporozoites of Eimeria spp. (e.g., E. tenella)
<ol>
	<li>Release of sporocysts
	<ol>
		<li>Ce...

<ol>
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In the 1990s, a transfection system was developed for apicomplexan parasites, and it was used for studies on eimerian parasites. Recently, stable transfection was conducted in E. tenella8,9 and E. nieschulzi15. We achieved the stable transfection of E. necatrix by transfecting second-generation merozoites11. Inoculation of transfected sporozoites of E. acervulina through the wing ...

Eimeria spp. causes coccidiosis, which leads to substantial economic losses in the livestock and poultry industry. Although anticoccidial drugs, and to an extent, attenuated anticoccidial vaccines, have been used widely for the control of coccidiosis, there are still shortcomings regarding their drug resistance, drug residues, and the potential diffusion of vaccine strains that regain virulence1. With the development of molecular biology, transfection has become a vital tool for studying gene functions, developing novel vaccines, and screening new drug targets for Eimeria.
In the last decades, transfection has been applied successfully for apicomplexan parasites such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma gondii2,3,4,5,6. A study using &#946;-gal as a reporter for the transfection in E. tenella piloted such work in Eimeria7. The transfection of E. tenella8,9, E. mitis10, and E. acervulina (Zhang et al., unpublished data) was successful in chickens. Recently, we achieved transfection using merozoites of E. necatrix through nucleofection11.
Studies showed that Eimeria expressing a heterologous antigen has the potential to be developed as a recombinant vaccine, such as those expressing Campylobacter jejuni antigen A (CjaA) or chicken interleukin 2 (chIL-2)12,13. Therefore, this protocol describes a nucleofection study of Eimeria spp. in chickens. The procedure describes purification of sporozoites or merozoites, nucleofection with plasmid DNA, cloacal inoculation/intravenous injection and in vivo propagation to help researchers starting studies on transgenic Eimeria parasites.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ATP-disodium</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A26209</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cellulose DE-52</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>C8350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Constant Flow Pump</td>
			<td>SHANGHAI JINGKE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.</td>
			<td>HL-2B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>MACGENE</td>
			<td>CM15019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass beads</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Z250473-1PAK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>No. V900116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Biotopped</td>
			<td>G6200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS</td>
			<td>MACGENE</td>
			<td>CC016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>No. V900041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low Speed Centrifuge</td>
			<td>BEIJING ERA BEILI CENTRIFUGE CO., LTD.</td>
			<td>DT5-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic Mixer</td>
			<td>SCILOGEX</td>
			<td>MS-H280-Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>449164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MoFlo cell sorter</td>
			<td>BeckMan Coulter, US</td>
			<td>201309995</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>144-55-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nucleofection device</td>
			<td>LONZA/amaxa</td>
			<td>90900012 (Nucleofector II)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>P1010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Percoll (DG gradient stock solution)</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>17-0891-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T0875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sorvall Legend Micro 17 Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>75002430</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The composition of DMEM: 4.5 g/L glucose with sodium pyruvate, L-glutamine, and 25 mM HEPES.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>T8150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex Mixer</td>
			<td>Beijing North TZ-Biotech Develop.co.</td>
			<td>HQ-60-II</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water Bath Thermostat</td>
			<td>Grant Instruments (Cambridge), Ltd.</td>
			<td>GD120,GM0815010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

nucleofection and in vivo propagation of chicken eimeria parasites

Transfection is a technical process through which genetic material, such as DNA and double-stranded RNA, are delivered into cells to modify the gene of interest. Currently, transgenic technology is becoming an indispensable tool for the study of Eimeria, the causative agents of coccidiosis in poultry and livestock. This protocol provides a detailed description of stable transfection in eimerian parasites: purification and nucleofection of sporozoites or second-generation merozoites, and in vivo propagation of transfected parasites. Using this protocol, we achieved transfection in several species of Eimeria. Taken together, nucleofection is a useful tool to facilitate genetic manipulation in eimerian parasites.

This protocol has been used to transfect eimerian parasites. In this study, the 2nd generation meronts and merozoites of E. necatrix were shown in Figure 2A and Figure 2B, while Figure 2C and Figure 2D showed the sporocysts and sporozoites of E. tenella after using the densit...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Nucleofection and In Vivo Propagation of Chicken Eimeria Parasites at JoVE.com

Nucleofection and In Vivo Propagation of Chicken Eimeria Parasites

Here, we provided a method to achieve stable transfection of chicken Eimeria parasites by nucleofecting sporozoites or second-generation merozoites. Genetically modified eimerian parasites expressing heterologous antigenic genes could be used as vaccine delivery vehicles.

Nucleofection and In Vivo Propagation of Chicken Eimeria Parasites

Transfection is a technical process through which genetic material, such as DNA and double-stranded RNA, are delivered into cells to modify the gene of ...

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